Fracture Mechanisms of Bone: A Comparative Study between Antler and Bovine Femur
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this study, fracture toughness of North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) antler and bovine femur were measured using four-point bending tests on single-edge notched compact samples (ASTM C1421). Tests were conducted on crack growth directions longitudinal and transverse to the long axis of antler and bone in both dry and hydrated conditions to study the effects of fiber orientation and hydration. Fracture toughness results in the transverse orientation were much higher than that in the longitudinal orientation and increased with degree of hydration for both antler and bovine femur. The fracture toughness of antler was ~ 50% higher than that of bovine femur. The highest fracture toughness value was obtained from the hydrated antler in the transverse orientation, which reached 10.31 MPa·m compared to that measured from bovine femur, which was 6.35 MPa·m. The crack propagation and fracture surface were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Toughening mechanisms, including crack deflection by osteons, uncracked ligament bridging, and microcracks formation, were observed and discussed. Comparisons between antler and bone were made.
منابع مشابه
Comparison of the structure and mechanical properties of bovine femur bone and antler of the North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis).
Antler and limb bone have a similar microstructure and chemical composition. Both are primarily composed of type I collagen and a mineral phase (carbonated apatite), arranged in osteons in compact (cortical bone) sections and a lamellar structure in the cancellous (spongy or trabecular bone) sections. The mineral content is lower in antler bone and it has a core of cancellous bone surrounded by...
متن کاملDetermination of Relationships between the Ultrasound Velocity and the Physical Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone Femur
Accurate measurements of physical characteristics of bone are essential for diagnosis, assessment of change following treatment, and therefore, indirectly, for evaluation of new forms of therapy. This is particularly true of osteoporosis and aging skeleton, in which fractures occur easily. Methods: In this study an ultrasonic system was set-up and calibrated on Plexiglas tubes of variable thick...
متن کاملThe mechanical properties of red deer antler bone when used in fighting.
We assessed the hydration state of antlers and its effect on antler mechanical properties compared with wet femur. Red deer antlers were removed from the head at various times, from a few days after velvet shedding till late in the season, and weighed weekly until after casting time. Antlers cut just after losing their velvet lost weight rapidly in the first few weeks, then settled down and cha...
متن کاملMechanistic aspects of the fracture toughness of elk antler bone.
Bone is an adaptive material that is designed for different functional requirements; indeed, bones have a variety of properties depending on their role in the body. To understand the mechanical response of bone requires the elucidation of its structure-function relationships. Here, we examine the fracture toughness of compact bone of elk antler, which is an extremely fast-growing primary bone d...
متن کاملAn investigation of the effects of osteoporosis, impact intensity and orientation on human femur injuries: a parametric finite element study
Objective: Femur is the strongest, longest and heaviest bone in the human body. Due to the great importance of femur in human body, its injury may cause large numbers of disabilities and mortality. Considering various effective parameters such as mechanical properties, geometry, loading configuration, etc. can propel the study to the trustable results.. Methods: A 3D finite element model of the...
متن کامل